Racism in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay

Color Doesnt Matter Racism was very â€Å"popular† as you should say back in the 1930’s . Whites had all the power while blacks and other minorities were suppose to fear them. In Maycomb , Alabama racism was around and had effects on citizens. Segregating whites from blacks is a horrid thing. It’s inhuman to say youre better than someone else because of their skin color. We as humans are equal some may be more wealthy than others but when it all comes down to it we will all go in the same box in the same ground. Racism was and still is a horrible thing and it affected a lot people. The first character from To Kill A Mockingbird that was affected most by racism Calpurnia. She’s African American working for an all white family. While†¦show more content†¦As a reader that seemed very racist towards Cal because she raised Scout and Jem like her own. By Alexandra saying that it meant she wasnt good enough to be a woman figure Scout can look up to. Las tly, i want to bring Atticus Finch who was also affected by racism. He had to take on a case between a white and black man. Many people assumed Atticus was going to be on the white mans side. But in chapter 11.107-109 Scout and Atticus have an interesting conversation about him being a â€Å"nigger lover†. She questioned her father if thats what he really was and this what he said I certainly am. I do my best to love everybody... Im hard put, sometimes—baby, its never an insult to be called what somebody thinks is a bad name. It just shows you how poor that person is, it doesnt hurt you†. This right here shows you Atticus has very meaningful principals and sticks to his word for what he believes in. He didnt care what no one thought about him defending Tom Robinson.. In Conclusion , you can see how these three characters from the book were affected by racism. All of these situations were a tad bit different but you can see how they often got caught in the middle of what other people thought was right and what was really right. All humans should not be judge of their work ethic or ability to do something just cause of their skin color. We all live on theShow MoreRelatedRacism in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† is marvelous and unforgettable novel. Not only show how dramatic, sad in and old town – Maycomb be like, but through her unique writings, some big conflicts about politics and critical is going on through this tired old Southern town. Not just in general like education, friendship, neighbors but also pacific in individuals like family and the people’s characteristics themselves. In one book yet can covered with such many problems, Harper Lee must have been experienced a lotRead MoreRole Racism in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee629 Words   |  3 PagesRacism is the hatred or intolerance to another race. This usually involves one party believing they are superior to the other and have the right to rule. Maycomb County, Alabama is a town that demonstrates separate is surely not equal. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee suggests the evident role race plays in the town. Harper Lee shows her racial views mostly through the Finch family. In the beginning Atticus shows respect to his cook, Calpurnia, treating her as if she were family. Calpurnia playsRead MoreRacism in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesRacism was a very large part of society in the south during the 1930’s. Many colored people were thought of as less than their peers. Whites were considered better than African Americans were, and almost every white person accepted the unjust judgment. Racial discrimination hit hard in the south. Many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird were impacted by racial discrimination, including Calpurnia, Scout, and Tom Robinson and his family. One of the more â€Å"accepted† sorts of racism in theRead MoreRacism Kills Thoughts in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee907 Words   |  4 Pages1960s, and was known as the Civil Rights Movement. Most southern states, including Alabama, were struck by the disease of racism and other acts of racial prejudice. In the time of these events, citizens of the United States had an important decision to make. Were they for slavery, or against it? This challenging question split every city in half. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, the people of Maycomb, Alabama were terrorized if their opinions did not match those of everyone else; and that is a dreadfulRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1142 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee wrote To Kill A Mockingbird during a time where racism was prevalent. The book highlights many different ways racism occurred. It also shows what growing up as a child, in this case specifically a young girl, is like in the s outh during the time of the great depression. Within the first three chapters alone Harper Lee make a great example of the struggles of money many families had and how it impacted even the children. In an early part of chapter two Scout says â€Å"Miss Caroline, he’sRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racism and provedRead MoreHarper Lee Uses Racism and Prejudice in To Kill A Mockingbird594 Words   |  2 PagesHarper Lee uses racism, hypercriticism, prejudice, and many different scenarios to show confliction in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Lee uses confliction to provide knowledge to the reader, showing that as the novel progresses and more conflictions arise, not all men are created equal. There are multiple conflicts throughout Harper Lee’s novel that influenced the plot of To Kill A Mockingbird, one of which was the trial betwee n Tom Robinson and Bob Ewell over the rape of his daughter, MayellaRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: An Investigation of Racism in America856 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird is well renowned for giving accurate insight on racism in the southern United States in the early twentieth century, an issue that is still controversial in present day. Racism creates inequalities amongst different ethnic groups that have implications on the mental well being of individuals. The culture of racism needs to be put to an end as it is destructive for all members of society. Racism creates multiple inequalities among society. In this sense, inequalityRead MoreRacism, Sexism, By Harper Lee And Kill A Mockingbird 1519 Words   |  7 Pagesto change if sexism is to remain only on the pages of classic literature and be erased from local communities and modern society. In our HWOC class, there were a great deal of references to sexism in the major works we studied. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout’s older brother Jem says, â€Å"‘Scout, I m tellin you for the last time, shut your trap or go home—I declare to the Lord you re gettin more like a girl every day!’ (24) His comment implies that being a girl is a bad thingRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in American

The Most Iconic Figures Of The 20th Century - 1306 Words

Dictionary.com defines the word â€Å"Icon† as â€Å"a person or thing that is revered or idolized†, that sums up John Lennon pretty well; he was an icon in many different ways. He was a musician, an activist, and a legend. Born on October 9th, 1940 in Liverpool Maternity Hospital in Liverpool, England, John Lennon was born, and so began what would become a journey that would lead to Lennon becoming one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. His Father was often away, but he continued to support Lennon and his Mother with regular checks, until his Father stopped in 1944, and he wouldn’t return until six months later, where after many heated debates, Lennon’s Father forced him to choose between his Mother or him, at the age of 5, and after choosing his Father twice, saw his Mother begin to walk away and at that moment decided to choose her instead. John Lennon wouldn’t see his Father again until he was 25. 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There is a literary tradition for the writing of love poetry Essay Example For Students

There is a literary tradition for the writing of love poetry Essay Literary tradition in love poems before and after 1900 is easily identifiable. It is preset in both, pre and post. To help me with my hypothesis, I will use examples from the two pre 1900 poems, To His Coy Mistress and Porphyrias Lover. I will also use the two post 1900 poems, Howling For Love and The Other Woman. Firstly, I will look at Robert Brownings pre 1900 poem, Porphyrias Lover. The scene of the poem is set almost immediately. Images of coldness she shut out the cold are there to allow the reader picture the scene in their minds and to imagine what the place is like. Porphyria enters the poem and we see the lovers adoration for her, and how her beauty is never ending. We see the forbidden nature of their relationship from pride, and vainer ties. Both Porphyria and her lover love each other but they cannot be together because of the difference in class. He even has doubts about if she loves him or not because they are always away from each other. But he then realises that she really does like him Porphyria worshipped me. When he realises this, he wishes that the moment could last forever and uses repetition that moment she was mine, mine, mine. He wraps her hair around her neck her little throat around in an almost uncontainable way to make the moment last. There is then a shock moment in which he kills her and strangled her but reassures himself quite sure she felt no pain. He then carries on adoring her beauty as a shut bud that holds a bee. He then goes on to tell himself that he has done her a favour in killing her. He has given her a pain free life in which she doesnt have to worry about not being with him and I, its love, am gained instead. He doesnt see this as a wrong doing God has not said a word! . The overall story to the poem is about an obsessive lover who wishes that the moment with his lover could last forever. He psychotically strangles her, which is not a love poetry tradition whereas the idea of pressuring that perfect moment with someone is. The next poem I will look at is Andrew Marvells poem To His Coy Mistress. In the time that this was written, love was talked about very differently than it is today. In this poem, the idea of space and time is used straight away in the opening line, world enough, and time. The he introduces the idea of the distance between him and his lover. This idea is carried out right the way through the first stanza. Two hundred to adore each breast he is also using these ideas to flatter her and to tell her how she deserves eternal love. This seems to be a normal love poem the first time you look at it. But if we look closer into the poem, we may find another meaning to it. He uses the idea of distance in the poem to show how far away he is from his mistress and time to show the she should be loved for a time to come. In the first stanza there is also an introduction to the sexual side to the poem my vegetable love should grow meaning he will get an erection. This shows how beautiful she is to him and how she sexually arouses him. We can then find out that he didnt have sex with her when he says, then worms will try that long preserved virginity. This means that when she is dead, the worms will penetrate her, which is something he didnt get the chance to do. He starts the second stanza by completely dismissing the idea of eternity by saying times winged chariot hurrying near. .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .postImageUrl , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:hover , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:visited , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:active { border:0!important; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:active , .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u30ece31dc06905fa035c5b45036627bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens satirizes that respected Victorian figure EssayHe then describes her death and how her beauty will be gone forever thy marble vault. In the second stanza he goes on to talk about how her beauty has not yet gone and she is still young in his mind while the youthful hue and she should make the most of it whilst she can let us sport us while we may. He then goes to say what the poem is really about and what is has been building up to. He wants them to sleep together like emorus birds of prey. The poem looks like a normal traditional love poem the first few times it is read but really it is all about him using his flattery so that he can sleep with her. His flattery is the main convention but he does it for his own reasons, not for the love of his woman. This is a good example of twists in the poems conventions that are found in very little love poems. The next poem is Liz Lockheads The Other Woman, a post 1900 poem. Quickly into the poem, the theme is introduced. The other woman lies. Fro this we can tell that it is not a cheerful sort of poem and maybe unconventional. The poem is about her belief that her husband is having an affair and how it is tearing the relationship apart between us like a bolster. She sees the other woman as nothing and doesnt want to have anything to do with her yet she sees that she has power over her relationship with her husband sneezing irritant. She is also referred to as feathers. This is also another example of how she is nothing. But then we see the other side to her. The powerful side hardened words turn machine gun. These words are harsh and are thrown straight at you. Against you shes rock solid again harsh and powerful words showing the fear of her. A third party is introduced into the poem they say this could be reassurance to herself that he isnt having an affair and this shows obsession. She is also paranoid Id know her anywhere I scan every cinema queue. She doesnt know her, yet she uses this sentence to accept the fact that she is a figment of her imagination. I catch her eye casting crazily around for me. This shows her insecure side. She knows that it her herself making up this imaginary woman the other side of my very own mirror. She tries to hide her insecurity but becomes so paranoid that she really does believe that there is another woman. This poem is also not a typical love poem and doesnt have many conventions to prove it is. However, the poem has obsession, which is a convention in love poetry. The next poem I will look at is Vernon Canells Howling for love, another post 1900 poem. We can straight away, in the first stanza, see that the poem isnt going to be a typical love poem displaying traditions and conventions shown before. In the opening line it talks about his unfriendly bed which shows the reader of his insecurity which gives the reader an idea of what the poem might be about. Also the name of the poem, Howling for love gives us an idea of the sexual nature of the poem. The words fathers face are used and also in the same sentenced thrashed and villain are used. This could be something to do with the idea of insecurity and instability already present in the poem. The image of a parent is continuously used in the fourth line. And kissed the woman on her tubs of cream which shows remembrance of his mothers love in childhood when his mother used to breastfeed him. In the second stanza the word sunrise is used but not in a positive way. Words are used such as derisions and sniggered to show the fear of a new day being born. .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .postImageUrl , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:hover , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:visited , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:active { border:0!important; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:active , .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608 .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3e1a32c7a6cd1dca6a1cfc26b875608:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock EssayThese images are carried on into the third stanza clanging challenge. This also shows the fear of a new day. The rest of this stanza has feminine images, shawl and auburn, the colour of her hair. The tinkling walk of women told him love, these are images of his mother and how he needs to be loved by his mother and proof of the insecurity. It probably has something to do with the fact hat he wasnt loved when he was a child. The fourth stanza is about the woman he makes love to and the power he feels at this time beauty at his wish. He wishes he could stay in this moment where he feels loved and cared for, but more importantly, secure prayed that he would hold the dawn at bay. In the fifth stanza he begins to question this love and security even as he sank into her cry and realises that this wont satisfy his needs betrayal curled on her dark head. In the third line of this stanza, the theme of the poem is summed up moaned that he had never wanted this. This reflects the bad feeling throughout the poem and the feeling of insecurity. He realises that by sleeping with her, He still hasnt got what he really wanted. It s not just a poem about love but also about the traumatic problems that people have in alter life after being abused or not treated properly in childhood. It sums up the insecurity and how the person finds it hard to find love. He thought that he could find love by sleeping with a woman but then realises that this isnt true. I think that these four poems have similar conventions but the pre 1900 poems are different to the post 1900 in that the post 1900 poems are poems about sex and how much they want it in their relationships and the pre 1900 poems are about obsession and how they want to keep their moment of love forever. This is mainly due to the fact that they are all written at different periods in time. The other woman and Porphyrias lover are both about obsession and are written both pre 1900. To his coy mistress and howling for love are both about sex. So after reading and analysing two pre 1900 poems and two post 1900 poems, I can see that there is obviously a literary tradition in the writing of love poems.

The United States Society free essay sample

There were also outing their hair short, wearing more colorful make-up, going to petty parties, and taking risks. They wore short dresses with stockings and garter belts. The Jazz age created different ways of clothing and hair styles for these women. Women In the asss didnt really care what people thought about them and they did what they wanted to do. Also women In the ASS didnt want to Walt around for men to ask them to marry them they Just wanted to live their lives. During the sasss women were very different from how they were in the sasss. Women were viewed as repressive and constrictive.Society placed a very high importance and many expectations on how women behaved at home as well as in public. The perfect mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children so that society would accept them. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the perfect women had dinner ready for her husband when he got home from work, and was at her husbands every beck and call. She agreed with her husband on everything. Women were not allowed to voice any opinion or want schooling or anything like that. During the sasss consumerism was taking a growth. It was continuing to grow and take hold of a variety of technological and organization transitions andInnovations that were beginning to grow since the call war. Many ways of the consumer population growing is that many businesses used advertising to get publicity for their businesses. Many consumers also began investing into automobiles and other forms of transportation. The biggest way that consumerism grew was the new rise of credit for consumers. Many people found out about credit and soon had credit cards. The only bad thing is that people didnt realize what you had to do when you had credit cards and some people became in debt and even bankrupt. During the sasss consumerism was very different from the consumers ways in the asss.The consumer values dominated the American economy and culture. Consumers were confident that this way of life was permanent and they enjoyed flashy cars, TV, and there had an openness about sex that was new. There was a material conformity that was brought on during these times. Also during these times consumers/Americans felt that they didnt need the government. They looked to the Different times in history have different ways of how things are done and seen and made. However, in some way they are all the same and Just evolve through out time to each and every new trend and way of life.

Apply The Budget Surplus To Science Essays - Fiscal Policy

Apply The Budget Surplus To Science Essays - Fiscal Policy Apply The Budget Surplus To Science For years, everyone has opined on what to do with the budget surplus: fund new educational programs, cut taxes, and so on. Science needs the money. In some technologies, we are beginning to fall behind other countries. We must not allow this to happen. Everyone reaps the benefits of science; increasing funding for research programs would only enhance these benefits. Where would the United States be today without science? Science is a big part of our economy, but today most research and development occur in the private sector. Why has the government cut spending? Because they know that the private sector will do the work. Money motivates the private sector to perform research; when profitability wanes in a certain area, research by the private sector also declines. Kenneth Brown asserts that private firms often focus on their own product rather than work on a broader understanding of science. Should Uncle Sam allow such a deficiency in research? Increased government spending in science would produce a greater breadth and depth of knowledge. You may ask yourself: why is this important? As the world leader in virtually everything, it is imperative for the US to lead the world in science also. Not only for defense reasons, but also to keep pace with other countries so no country can monopolize a scientific breakthrough. Would we want Japan or Russia to come up with a cure for AIDS and have to purchase the knowledge from them? The US needs to lead the world in science; to maintain this position we must apply the budget surplus to federal science research programs.

King Alfred essays

King Alfred essays Why was King Alfred concerned with literacy and learning? It is clear that literacy and learning played an important role in the life of King Alfred. In his biography of the king, Asser tells us that from an early age Alfred showed an aptitude for book learning which was encouraged by his mother. The reason why Alfred developed this interest from an early age was probably the fact that he was the youngest child of his family and so it was probably expected that he would become a clergyman rather than king and so could focus on more intellectual training needed for work in the Church. Although the reasons that he developed a personal love of learning in his younger years are clear, this does not explain why he put so much emphasis on the literacy and learning of his subjects in later years. One of the ways in which Alfred encouraged literacy and learning was having a number of key ecclesiastical works translated from Latin into English. One of the main reasons for Alfreds huge concern for literacy and learning was his sincere belief that the Viking raids on his kingdom were a punishment from God because the people had abandoned religious learning. Alfred did a lot to strengthen Englands military position by building a huge network of burhs , and by making sure that there was always an equal balance of men working the land and doing military service. However, he felt that these military preparations were merely a temporary solution to the problem. In the long term the King believed that the Vikings would only be stopped when God had been appeased. There are clear indications that in the time of Alfred there was a lack of new manuscripts being created. It is also evident that very few people were educated enough to read Latin and even fewer to write it. Alfred believed that this lack of learning had turned the English into a brutish and uncultured race. He believed that teaching was an important way to bring ...

Are legislatures always weaker than executives Essay

Are legislatures always weaker than executives - Essay Example Fundamentally, the legislative arm of the government has had two inherent contradictory roles: sustaining the executive and holding them to account between electoral cycles. Even though the legislative role of sustaining the executive is not in doubt, parliamentary oversight seems to be a poorly coordinated task that often lets the executive off the hook. Noteworthy, the nexus between sustaining the government and the task of challenging it and holding it to task opens a Pandora box full of fallacious fantasies – a fallacious inequity that, no doubt, tilts the balance of power towards the executive. Despite the wide adoption of democratic principles of governance across nations, an understanding that has significantly strengthened accountability and transparency mecha ­nisms with regard to promotion of evidence-informed policy processes, legislatures remain comparatively weaker in relation to the executive in terms of raw power necessary to effect immediate leadership challe nges. The Executive and Parliament: A Historical Perspective The impact of constitutional structures with regards to their political behavior and performance is central in the study of comparative governments. In particular, understanding the balance power between the executive and the legislature in either the parliamentary or presidential systems has been an area of focus in political research (Mustapic, 2002). Structured governmental control stems much from the historical politics of the mid- and late nineteenth century. Designed at a time when the role of government was limited in scope, the convention of superiority of the executive power over the legislature indeed antedates the modern presidential and parliamentary systems of governments. From inception to the present day politics, there is no pretense that executive autonomy bears much capacity and capability to remedy or compensate for social ills on its own without parliaments’ approval. In his submission on the sub ject, Bagehot, a British economist and journalist, referred to the convention of executive authority as the ‘buckle’ and the lynch-pin in the Whitehall-Westminster model (Flinders, 2002). Though modest in both size and ambition at the time, it was reasonable for a competent minister to have a personal control over small departmental portfolios in the mid-Victorian state. Strikingly similar, governmental administration in the first quarter of the nineteenth century fell under ministerial responsibility. But even then as is it to date, the powers vested in a ministerial mandate were highly doubtful in terms of usage. Supporting the foregoing, Cobbett (1823) wrote: â€Å"Ankle-pinching socks are like ministerial powers; a thing to talk about but for no use; a thing to laugh over; and a mere mockery at those whom real power is vested†. Constitutions the world over are molded around the concept of responsible executive authority for strong and stable leadership. Nothi ng services this claim better than a two-branch debate that culminated in the creation of the United States Constitution – a model constitutional debate that has since served as a roadmap to numerous constitutions around the world. While the federalists such as Alexander Hamilton rooted for ‘